Monday, 11 May 2009

Energy and the Internet

There's been a lot of debate lately about the growing amount of energy needed to power the Internet, and we wanted to weigh in on the discussion. A few months ago, I first blogged about the about amount of energy used in one Google search. Our engineers crunched the numbers and found that an average query uses about 1 kJ of energy and emits about 0.2 grams of carbon dioxide. But those raw numbers don't really put the environmental impact of searching the Internet into perspective. To add some context, below is data about the C02 impact of some everyday activities and items compared to Google searching:

ActivityGoogle Searches
CO2 emissions of an average daily newspaper (PDF) (100% recycled paper) 850
A glass of orange juice1,050
One load of dishes in an EnergyStar dishwasher (PDF)
5,100
A five mile trip in the average U.S. automobile10,000
A cheeseburger15,000
Electricity consumed by the average U.S. household in one month3,100,000

We work hard to provide our users with the fastest products using the least amount of energy. We have a team of dedicated engineers focused on designing and building the most efficient data centers in the world. In fact, through efficiency innovations, we have managed to cut energy usage in our data centers by over 50 percent, so we're using less than half the energy to run our data centers as the industry average. This efficiency means that in the time it takes to do a Google search, your own personal computer will likely use more energy than we will use to answer your query.

And the energy used by computers is growing; people are more plugged-in today than ever before in history. There are more than one billion PCs and laptops currently in use, and that number is expected to grow to four billion by 2020. We've got cell phones, PDAs, iPods, and GPS devices — not to mention the data centers that store all of our digital information "in the cloud." The electricity needed to run all of our computers, gadgets, and gizmos is growing and now accounts for half of all ICT emissions. (ICT stands for "information and communications technology.")

Although the amount of energy used to power ICT is growing, it's important to measure all of the ways information technology helps us save energy too. A study by The Climate Group, in fact, shows that ICT emissions pay for themselves (PDF) (and then some) by enabling significant reductions in emissions by other sectors of the economy. After all, it's much more efficient to move electrons than to move atoms. "Virtual" tools like email, video-conferencing, and search engines replace more carbon-intensive activities like snail mail, business travel, and driving.

We can still make progress at improving computing efficiency across the industry, however, and Google is committed to doing so. In 2007 we co-founded the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, a non-profit organization committed to reducing global CO2 emissions from the operation of computers by 54 million tons a year by 2010. Check out their website for more information on how you can reduce the environmental impact of your own computer use.

Update 7/16/09: Google's Q2 2009 data center efficiency measurements are now available here. 

Announcing the 2009 Anita Borg Scholars and Finalists

We're pleased to announce our 2009 Anita Borg Scholars and Finalists. We established the Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship in 2003 to encourage undergraduate and graduate women completing degrees in computer science and related fields to excel in computing and technology and become active role models and leaders in the field. This year, we're awarding 50 scholars and finalists in the U.S., 18 in Canada and 56 in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. We'll also be awarding scholarships to female students in Australia and New Zealand later this year.

In addition to receiving academic scholarships, all of our winners will be invited to participate in all-expenses-paid networking retreats featuring workshops, speakers, panelists, breakout sessions and social activities at Google offices.

For more information on the Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship and other Google scholarship opportunities, visit our scholarships page.

Congratulations to all of our winners!

The 2009 U.S. Anita Borg Scholars
  • Dana Forsthoefel - Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Divya Ramachandran - University of California-Berkeley
  • Elaine Short - Yale University
  • Isabel Mattos - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Jennifer Roberts - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Katherine Corner - University of Colorado at Boulder
  • Leshell Hatley - University of Maryland College Park
  • Manjari Narayan - Rice University
  • Mary David - University of Southern California
  • Natalie Freed - Arizona State University Main
  • Norma Savage - University of California-Santa Barbara
  • Ramya Raghavendra - University of California-Santa Barbara
  • Saleema Amershi - University of Washington
  • Sara Sinclair - Dartmouth College
  • Sarah Cooley - Oregon State University
  • Sarah Loos - Indiana University Bloomington
  • Sheena Lewis - Northwestern University
  • Xuexin (Alice) Zhu - Harvey Mudd College
  • Yi-Chieh Wu - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • YoungJoo Jeong - Carnegie Mellon University
The 2009 U.S. Anita Borg Finalists
  • Alyssa Daw - California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo
  • Angela Yen - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Carrie Ruppar - Graduate Program TBD
  • Chaitrali Amrutkar - Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Cindy Rubio Gonzalez - University of Wisconsin-Madison
  • Corey Toler-Franklin - Princeton University
  • Ekaterina Gonina - University of California-Berkeley
  • Jacinda Shelly - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Jennifer Harrison - Arizona State University
  • Julia Schwarz - University of Washington
  • Kelli Ireland - University of Pittsburgh
  • Kristi Morton - University of Washington
  • Krystle de Mesa - University of California, San Diego
  • Kyle Rector - Oregon State University
  • Manasi Vartak - Worcester Polytechnic Institute
  • Margaret Leibovic - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Maria Kazandjieva - Stanford University
  • Pinar Muyan-Ozcelik - University of California-Davis
  • Rachel Sealfon - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Rachelle Fuhrer - University of California, San Diego
  • Sarah Shiplett - Wellesley College
  • Shilpa Arora - Carnegie Mellon University
  • Sneha Popley - Texas Christian University
  • Sonal Gupta - University of Texas at Austin
  • Sujatha Nagarajan - University of Illinois at Chicago
  • Supriya Vadlamani - Cornell University
  • Tracy Chou - Stanford University
  • Valerie Yoder - Westminster College
  • Wendy Stevenson - Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
  • Xia Zhou - University of California-Santa Barbara
The 2009 Canada Anita Borg Scholars
  • April Khademi – University Of Toronto
  • Jenna Cameron – University Of Western Ontario
  • Jing Xiang – University Of British Columbia
  • Pooja Viswanathan – University Of British Columbia
The 2009 Canada Anita Borg Finalists
  • Barbara Macdonald – University Of Waterloo
  • Fahimeh Raja – University Of British Columbia
  • Gail Carmichael – Carleton University
  • Kate Tsoukalas (withdrawn) - Simon Fraser University
  • Katherine Gunion – University Of Victoria
  • Marjorie Locke – University Of Western Ontario
  • Melanie Tupper – Dalhousie University
  • Michelle Annett – University Of Alberta
  • Mona Mojdeh – University Of Waterloo
  • Ozge Yeloglu – Dalhousie University
  • Phillipa Gill – University Of Toronto
  • Sarah Carruthers – University Of Victoria
  • Somayeh Moazeni – University Of Waterloo
  • Xiaoyuan XU – Simon Fraser University
  • Zahra Ahmadian – University Of British Columbia
The 2009 Europe, Middle East and North Africa Scholars
  • Anna Magdalena Michalska - University of Warsaw (Poland)
  • Bianca Madalina Milatinovici - RWTH Aachen (Germany)
  • Chia Ching Ooi - University of Freiburg (Gemany)
  • Christiane Lammersen - Technische Universität Dortmund (Germany)
  • Christiane Peters - Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands)
  • Daria Yartseva - Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russia)
  • Ekaterina Volkova - Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russia)
  • Elisa Rondini - University College London (U.K.)
  • Katayon Radkhah - Technische Universität Darmstadt (Germany)
  • Keghani Kristelle Kouzoujian - Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar (Qatar)
  • Keren Censor - Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (Israel)
  • Kira Radinsky - Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (Israel)
  • Iulia Ion - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (Switzerland)
  • Ligia Nicoleta Nistor - University of Oxford (U.K.)
  • Maja Temerinac-Ott - University of Freiburg (Germany)
  • Marian George - Alexandria University (Egypt)
  • Moran Yassour - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel)
  • Regina Bohnert - Universität Tübingen (Germany)
  • Selen Basol - Sabanci University (Turkey)
  • Suzan Bayhan - Bogazici University (Turkey)
  • Tali Treibitz - Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (Israel)
The 2009 Europe, Middle East and North Africa Finalists
  • Adrienn Szabo - Eötvös Loránd University (Hungary)
  • Anastasia Shakhshneyder - Novosibirsk State University (Russia)
  • Andreea Voicu - Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands)
  • Anna Astrakova - Novosibirsk State University (Russia)
  • Anna Sperotto - University of Twente (Netherlands)
  • Anna Katarzyna Zych - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (Switzerland)
  • Birgit Vera Schmidt - Graz University of Technology (Austria)
  • Didem Gozupek - Bogazici University (Turkey)
  • Elena Smirnova - INRIA Sophia Antipolis (France)
  • Franziska Huth - Saarland University (Germany)
  • Gaya Nadarajan - The University of Edinburgh (U.K.)
  • Irina Calciu - Jacobs University Bremen (Germany)
  • Kerstin Bauer - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (Germany)
  • Laia Subirats i Mate - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain)
  • Limor Leibovich - Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (Israel)
  • Lina AL Kanj - American University of Beirut (Lebanon)
  • Lu Feng - University of Oxford (U.K.)
  • Lucia Fedorova - Czech Technical University (Czech Republic)
  • Maria-Camilla Fiazza - University of Verona (Italy)
  • Maya Kabkab - American University of Beirut (Lebanon)
  • Melinda Toth - Eötvös Loránd University (Hungary)
  • Naama Elefant - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel)
  • Nadezda Osadchieva - Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Russia)
  • Natalia Criado - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (Spain)
  • Nina Kargapolova - Novosibirsk State University (Russia)
  • Noga Zewi - Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (Israel)
  • Noura Yousef Salhi - Birzeit University (Palestine)
  • Oana Tifrea - Vienna University of Technology (Austria)
  • Rehab Khalid Alnemr - Hasso Plattner Institute (Germany)
  • Riina Maigre - University of Technology (Estonia)
  • Talya Meltzer - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel)
  • Tamar Aizikowitz - Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (Israel)
  • Unaizah Hanum Obaidellah - University of Sussex (U.K.)
  • Yana Momchilova Mileva - Saarland University (Germany)
  • Yimeng Yang - University of Twente (Netherlands)

Vote for the national Doodle 4 Google winner

In February we invited U.S. kids to exercise their creativity by participating in our second annual Doodle 4 Google contest. In response, we received more than 28,000 doodles from kids representing all 50 states, a 70 percent increase from last year. Inspired by this year's theme, "What I Wish for the World," kids have expressed a variety of wishes, ranging from a world with a pristine environment to a world where imaginations can run free. We were impressed by the incredible spectrum of artwork we received this year, but even more amazed by the artistic talents of the kids who created them. Thanks to all those who doodled with us!

Today, we're pleased to announce the approximately 400 state finalists and the 40 regional winners. They were chosen by a panel of independent judges, all experts in design, but now it's your turn. We invite you to help us select the four national finalists by voting on your favorite doodle in each grade group. You can place your votes on the Doodle 4 Google website until May 18 at midnight Pacific time. We'll announce the results — along with the winner — on May 20th, and the winning doodle will appear on our homepage the following day. If you happen to be visiting New York City, you can drop in and see the doodles of all 40 finalists in an exhibit at the Smithsonian's Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, which will run May 21 - July 5, 2009.

So please take a look at our regional winners' inspiring doodles, vote on your favorites, and help us decide which of these great doodles will be seen on the Google homepage by millions of people around the world.

Update @ 10:00 AM PST: This post was revised to more accurately reflect the number of state finalists.

Update on May 20, 2009 @ 10:45 AM: We've posted all of the state finalists — several hundred doodles in all —on the Doodle 4 Google website and we encourage you to take a look at the beautiful artwork created by these very talented young artists.